Acknowledgements A note on romanization and translations Preface Introduction Chinese Buddhism and identity The three teachings Buddhism and Christianity in China New intellectual and political responses Enter the KMT Modernity, and "KMT modernity" Taixu Overview of the study Chapter 1. Buddhism and Patriotism Taiwan's political context Buddhism and KMT values Awakening the world Conclusion Chapter 2. Buddhism and Chinese Culture Cultural renaissance From Moses to Marx "Slave society" East of Eden The genesis of a new approach The study of Buddhism Conclusion Chapter 3. Buddhism and Modernity Pointing at the moon Open letters to Du The science of Sakyamuni God and Gotama Yinshun's sources Conclusion Chapter 4. Decline and Revitalization Perceiving the decline History as polemic From the temple to the ivory tower Conclusion Chapter 5. Sermons among mountains Dharma Drum Mountain Tzu Chi Buddha-Light Mountain Lingjiu Shan and Zhongtai Chansi Conclusion Conclusion Religious inter-connectivity Interfaith competition in Taiwan after 1949 KMT modernity Interfaith competition and identity Summary List of Chinese characters Bibliography Index