Table of Contents - 6 Detailed contents - 7 Acknowledgements - 15 Introduction - 18 Part One - 36 1. The Concept of Civil Society - 38 Islam/Islamism and Civil Society - 46 3. Islamis Voluntary Welfare Associations: Patronage or Middle Class-Based Civic Networks - 68 Part Two - 80 4. State and Society in Jordan - 82 5. Political Society, Economic Society and the Role of the Islamist Movement - 108 6. Jordan's NGO Sector - 150 Part Three - 172 7. Islamic Social Welfare Discourse and Practice: An Historical Perspective - 174 8. Social Welfare Discourse of Islamist NGOs - 182 9. Politically Unaffiliated and Conservative Muslim NGOs - 210 10. Progressive Muslim NGOs - 226 Part Four - 246 11. Financial and In-Kind Aid - 248 12. Employment-Oriented Activities - 276 Part Five - 290 13. Cultural Approaches - 292 14. One Islamic Association's Approach to Education - 304 15. Various Muslim Approaches toward Education and Child Development - 316 16. Discourse and Activity Regarding Marriage and Gender Relations - 356 Conclusion - 394 Notes - 418 Bibliography - 464 List of Abbreviations - 482 Glossary of Arabic Words - 483 English Summary - 490 Nederlandse samenvatting - 495 Curriculum Vitae - 501