Introduction Marius Turda and Paul Weindling: Eugenics, Race and Nation in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940 Part I. Ethnography and Racial Anthropology Egbert Klautke: German “Race Psychology” and Its Implementation in Central Europe: Egon von Eickstedt and Rudolf Hippius Margit Berner: From “Prisoners of War Studies” to Proof of Paternity: Racial Anthropologists and the Measuring of “Others” in Austria Maria Teschler-Nicola: “Volksdeutsche” and Racial Anthropology in Interwar Vienna: The “Marienfeld Project” Rory Yeomans, Of Yugoslav Barbarians and Croatian Gentlemen Scholars: Nationalist Ideology and Racial Anthropology in Interwar Yugoslavia Sevasti Trubeta: Anthropological Discourse and Eugenics in Interwar Greece Part II. Eugenics and Racial Hygiene in National Contexts Michal Simunek, Between “Eugenics” and “Racial Hygiene”: Plans for the Regulation of Human Heredity in the Czech Lands, 1900-1925 Magdalena Gavin, Progressivism and Eugenic Thinking in Poland, 1905-1939 Marius Turda, “Faj egészségtana” or “Eugenika”? The First Debates on Eugenics in Hungary, 1910-1918 Christian Promitzer, Taking Care of the National Body: Eugenic Visions in Interwar Bulgaria, 1905-1940 Ken Kalling, The Self Perception of A Small Nation: The Reception of Eugenics in Interwar Estonia Paul J. Weindling, Central Europe Confronts German Racial Hygiene: Friedrich Hertz, Hugo Iltis and Ignaz Zollschan as Critics of Racial Hygiene Part III. Religion, Public Health and Population Policies Kamila Uzarczyk, “Moses als Eugeniker”? The Reception of Eugenic Ideas in Jewish Medical Circles in Interwar Poland Monica Löscher: Eugenics and the Catholic Church in Interwar Austria Sabine Schleiermacher, Eugenics and Protestantism: Public Health, Population Policy and Protestant Welfare Organisations during the Weimar Republic Herwig Czech, From Welfare to Selection: Vienna’s Public Health Office and the Implementation of Racial Hygiene Politics under the Nazi Regime Maria Bucur, Fallen Women and Necessary Evils: Eugenic Representations of Prostitution in Interwar Romania Part IV. Anti-Semitism, Nationalism and Biopolitics Razvan Pârâianu, Culturalist Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in Fin-de-Siècle Romania Attila Pók, The Politics of Hatred: Scapegoating in Interwar Hungary Aristotle Kallis, Racialist Politics and Bio-Medical Totalitarianism in Interwar Europe Roger Griffin, Tunnel Visions and Mysterious Trees: Modernist Projects of National and Racial Regeneration, 1880-1939