Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 Criminal Regime, its Subjects, and Collective Crime Introduction 1. The Challenge of the Disturbing Past 2. Regime and its subjects: regime crime and collective crime 2.1. Regime crimes 2.2. Collective crimes The preparation of collective crime Criminal action Approving outcomes of crime Chapter Two Politics of Silence and Denial 1. Introduction 2. Transitional justice or just the transition? Politics of silence 2.1. General argument: vulnerability of democracy 2.2. Specific arguments a) Political reconciliation in the name of protecting the genuine common identity b) Injustice c) Unmasterable burden 3. ‘We did nothing wrong’: politics of denial 4. A summary Chapter Three Culture, Knowledge, and Collective Crime: Reading Relativism 1. Introduction: Crime-specific culture 2. Moral relativism as a philosophical argument 3. Blaming Culture for Moral Confusion? 3.1. Collective crime as a normative practice 3.2. Inability thesis 3.2.1. Supporting inability thesis: psychology of obedience to authority 3.2.2. Supporting inability thesis: on the political production of culture 4. The inability thesis as the authenticity thesis: on ‘broken thermometers’, ‘genuine beliefs’, and mass crimes 4.1. Richard Arneson on moral inequality and responsibility 4.2. Michael Zimmerman and the debate on ‘excusing the inexcusable’ 5. Gilbert Harman on the non-moral character of extreme intentions Chapter 4 Moral Responsibility for Collective Crime Introduction 1. Conceptualizing Moral Responsibility 1.1. A preliminary definition 1.2. Responsibility as a relationship 2. What are social groups and how they matter 2.1. The challenge of methodological individualism 2.2. Group structure 2.3. Solidarity through time 2.4. Collective action: relational and positional 3. Collective moral responsibility 3.1. The question 3.2. Responsible agency and the autonomy objection. Can the idea of extended participation provide an answer? 3.3. Two causal reasons for collective moral responsibility a) Intention b) Participation 3.4. An identity-based reason for collective moral responsibility 4. Collective moral responsibility beyond causality and blame 4.1. Group-specific identities created by crime a) Victims b) On the side of criminals: agents, by-standers, decent persons 4.2. Ideological justification of collective crime and how it affects morally decent persons 4.3. Solidarity, taint, and responses a) Solidarity revisited b) Moral taint c) Two forms of collective responsibility List of References