ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 10 INTRODUCTION - 12 -I - 13 -II - 18 -III - 19 -IV - 24 IN THEIR PROPER PLACE:THE CIVIC HIERARCHY - 26 -I - 29 Regents: The Ruling Elite - 29 Common Citizens - 30 Non-Citizen Residents and Temporary Inhabitants - 34 -III - 37 Strangersin the City - 37 GRADIENTS OF WEALTHAND INCOME: THEECONOMIC HIERARCHY - 42 -I - 44 The Wealthy Elite - 45 The Middling Group - 48 The Lower Orders and the Poor - 52 -II - 55 Respondingto Economic Stress - 55 -III - 59 AT HOME IN AMSTERDAM:THE PHYSICALENVIRONMENTAND EARLY DEATH - 60 -I - 63 -II - 66 The Residential Environment - 67 Housing Conditions - 70 -III - 76 INTIMATE INFERIORS:SERVANTS INAMSTERDAM - 78 -I - 81 -II - 82 Servantsat Work - 82 -III - 84 Vulnerabilityand Confl icts - 84 Conflicts about Earnings and Work - 85 Conflicts about Dress - 86 Conflicts about Sex and Intimacy - 89 -IV - 92 ChangingEmployers - 92 -V - 93 Preparingfor the Future - 93 A SINGULARUNMARRIEDWOMEN - 96 -I - 99 TheYears before Marriage - 99 Earning a Living: Single Men and Single Women - 102 -II - 105 The Significance of Marital Status - 105 -III - 107 Courtshipand Marriage - 107 -IV - 110 Never-Married Men and Women - 110 -V - 111 THE FAMILY HOUSEHOLD:HUSBAND, WIFE, ANDCHILDREN - 114 -I - 116 FamilyOrientation - 116 -II - 117 StartingMarried Life: Husband and Wife - 117 -III - 121 HavingChildren - 121 Controlling Fertility - 125 -IV - 126 Vulnerabilitiesand Early Deaths - 126 -V - 130 PARENTS AND CHILDREN,BROTHERS AND SISTERS - 132 -I - 134 Mother-Child Relations - 134 -II - 137 Father-Child Relations - 137 -III - 139 GrowingUp - 139 -IV - 141 Siblings - 141 Birth Intervals: A Matter of Life and Death - 142 Grieving for Lost Children - 143 Continuing Sibling Relationships - 145 Sibling Inequalities and Discontents - 147 -V - 149 LOSING A SPOUSE AND APARENT - 150 -I - 152 The Emotional Loss - 152 -II - 154 Widowhoodand the Gender Hierarchy - 154 -III - 157 TheWidows of Regents and Other Wealthy Men - 157 The Widows of Functionaries and Professionals - 158 The Widows of Master Craftsmen - 160 The Widows of Non-Citizen Residents and Temporary Inhabitants - 161 -IV - 164 Remarriage - 164 -V - 166 LOSING BOTH PARENTS:AMSTERDAM ORPHANS - 168 -I - 170 BeingOrphaned - 170 Emotional Loss and the Grieving Child - 171 -II - 171 Economicand Social Support - 171 The Children of the Wealthy Elite - 172 The Children of Other Amsterdam Citizens - 173 Children of Non-Citizen Residents and Temporary Inhabitants - 178 -III - 182 TheOrphanage Experience - 182 A SUMMING UP - 186 NOTES - 192 introduction - 192 chapter 1 - 197 chapter 2 - 202 chapter 3 - 205 chapter 4 - 210 chapter 5 - 214 chapter 6 - 218 chapter 7 - 223 chapter 8 - 227 chapter 9 - 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY - 234 THE AUTHOR - 256 INDEX - 258