INTRODUCTION: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON LATE ANTIQUE AND EARLY MEDIEVAL IBERIA. I. 20th century approaches to the period II. New theories and new data: archaeology in the 21st century III. The nature of the transformations: Regionalism vs centralization PART I: LATE ROMAN HISPANIA Chap. 1. The transformations of Roman Hispania: 4th-5th c. Chap. 2. New townscapes in the late Empire 2.1 Fortifications 2.2 The old Roman monuments 2.3 The fate of urban infrastructure 2.4 Suburbanization and de-urbanization 2.5 The new role of towns Chap. 3. Landscape and rural settlements 3.1 The end of the villa and the emergence of villages 3.2 Changing burial practices: social or ethnic transformations? 3.3 Breakdown of trading networks Chap. 4. Christianization and Germanization? New evidence for current debates PART II: THE POST-ROMAN PERIOD (450-711) Chap. 5. Towns and cities under Christian prevalence 5.1 The slow transformations of the Roman urban network 5.2 The Visigothic period of 'urban renewal' and the new foundations 5.3 Topography and architecture of power 5.4 Urban economies and material culture Chap. 6. The new rural landscape 6.1 Villages and other lay rural settlements 6.2 Churches, monasteries and ecclesiastical sites 6.3 Hillforts Chap 7. A new material culture and how to understand politics, society and economy PART III: TOWARDS THE MIDDLE AGES (711-850) Chap. 8. The formation of a new culture based on tradition and innovation Chap. 9. The consolidation of new political spheres: New urbanism 9.1 The Islamization of towns 9.2 Eastern influences and the rethinking of the townscape 9.3 New state foundations: north and south 9.4 Feudal townscapes? Chap. 10. Changing landscapes and rural settlements 10.1 Castles and junds: the new central places 10.2 The evolution of villages and the emergence of alquerías 10.3 Religious landscapes: churches, monasteries, ribats and cemeteries 10.4 A rural revolution? Technology and innovation