Introduction Part I. Ethnos and Citizens: Versions of Cultural-Political Construction of Identity Alexander Vezenkov, Reconciliation of the Spirits and Fusion of the Interests: “Ottomanism” as an Identity Politics Kinga-Koretta Sata, The People Incorporated: Constructions of the Nation in Transylvanian Romanian Liberalism, 1838—1848 Tchavdar Marinov, “We, the Macedonians”: The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878-1912) Balázs Trencsényi, History and Character: Visions of National Peculiarity in the Romanian Political Discourse of the Nineteenth-Century Part II. Nationalization of Sciences and the Definitions of the Folk Dessislava Lilova, Barbarians, Civilized People and Bulgarians: Definition of Identity in Textbooks and the Press (1830-1878) Levente Szabó, Narrating ’the People’ and ’Disciplining’ the Folk: the Constitution of the Hungarian Ethnographic Discipline and the Touristic Movements (1870-1900) Stefan Detchev, Who are the Bulgarians? “Race”, Science and Politics in Fin-de-Siècle Bulgaria Calin Cotoi, Imagining of National Spaces in Interwar Romania. The Emergence of Geopolitics Part III. The Canon-Builders Bojan Aleksov, Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History Artan Puto, “Ottoman” or “Western”: Two Version of Albanianness at the turn of the 19th century Bülent Bilmez, A Contested Nation-Builder: Þemseddin Sami Frashëri (1850-1904) and the Construction of Albanian and Turkish Nations