Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations I. Introduction Methodology Context, Ideology, Adaptation II. Intellectuals The Russian Connection and the Geography of Revolution Models and Master Texts Balkan Disciples Intellectuals and Political Systems Social Descent and Professional Integration III. The Ambiguities of Modernity (Serbia) Some Notes on the Historiography The Ideological Roots of Serbian Socialism Modernization and its Antecedents A Moral World Imperiled The Mission: Saving Serbdom The Individual and Society The Radicals and the Nation A l’attaque The Railway The Agrarian Radicals A Popular Party The Watershed A Church and an Army Slavophilism To the People Manipulating the Past Heading for Confrontation Constitutional Philosophy In Power Legacies of Radicalism IV. Caught up in the Contradictions of Modernity (Bulgaria) The Historiography on the Schism Bulgarian Socialism Suiuz vs. Partiia: The Priority of Political or Economic Organization? Blagoev vs. the Narodniks Constructing the Social subject: a Party with two Voices Modernization Mentalities The Profile of the Party Flirting with the Peasant “Obshto Delo” “Alarm for Ghosts--Our Apostasy or their Nonsense” Historical Materialism not Economic Determinism The Debate on Private Ownership The Debate on Party Membership The Predicament of Bulgaria Theory and Practice How to Make Sense of Broad Socialism Rethinking Bulgarian Politics V. Modernity Without Socialism (Greece) Historiographical Notes Greek Nationalism: the Imaginary of Superiority Some Particularities of Greek Socio-Economic Development Intellectuals: the Discrete Temptation of Submission The Liberals: Progress, Expansion and Order The National Schism: Metamorphoses of Political Polarization “The Promise of the Impossible Revolution” VI. Epilogue Divergent Paths Towards Modernity? Legitimacy and Mass Politics Socialism Politics and the State Legacies