Illustrations Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction I The Discovery of Troy: Schliemann and the Ottomans in the 1870s 1. The Question of 'ubi Troia fuit' 2. Heinrich Schliemann in the Troad 3. Schliemann's Confrontation with Ottoman Authorities 4. Ottomans Claiming Trojan Artefacts 5. Troy: A Protected Zone 6. Excavating in the Shadow of War II Classical Antiquities and Ottoman Patrimony: Muslim Elite and their Involvement with Classical Civilization 1. Antiquities and Museum: Interests and Conflicts 2. Zeal for Civilization: Enlightened Ideas and Ideals in the Empire 3. The Cosmopolitan Muslim Elite of a Multifarious Empire 4. Osman Hamdi Bey: A New Era in Ottoman Archaeology and Museology III A Closer Watch On Schliemann (1882-1885) 1. Profitable Political Conditions 2. The Excavations 3. The Ottoman Elite's Displeasure with the Ineffective Antiquities Regulation 4. New Antiquities Legislation (1884): Ottoman Claim to Ancient Heritage IV Homer and Troy in Ottoman Literature: an Overview 1. Early Ottoman-Turkish Interest in Homeric Epics 2. New Ottoman Literature: Educating the Public and Changing Perceptions 3. Mythology and Homer: Ottoman Reticence 4. Homer and Troy in Ottoman Essays, Books, Theatre Plays & the First Translations (1884-1908) 5. Admiration for the 'Lord of Poets' 6. Izmir (Smyrna): Homer's Hometown V Homer and Troy During the Final Years of the Empire 1. Controlling Heritage and the Development of the Ottoman Museum 2. Schliemann's Reputation under Fire 3. The Final Encounter of Schliemann and the Ottomans in Troy 4. Finding Troy Once More: Dörpfeld's Excavations in 1893 and 1894 5. Overseeing Troy at the Turn of the Century Epilogue of an Empire Manuscript Sources Bibliography Index