Contents - 6 Preface - 10 1 Introduction and abstract - 12 2 Media and society: some general reflections - 18 2.1 A dynamic but complex media landscape - 18 2.2 Fast commercial marketplace, slow government response - 19 2.3 Aims and scope of the report - 20 2.4 Definitions of the media landscape - 21 2.5 Values that inspire and legitimate the definition of public interests - 21 2.5.1 Freedom and equality - 21 2.5.2 Accessibility - 22 2.5.3 Independence - 22 2.5.4 Pluralism - 22 3 A changing landscape: short overview of the dominant trends - 24 3.1 Major characteristics of the media landscape in the digital age - 25 3.2 Will traditional values do? a fresh look and the need for a broader perspective - 26 4 A short history of the dutch broadcasting policy - 30 4.1 Early commercial days - 30 4.2 Perceived scarcity - 31 4.3 Post second world war - 31 4.4 The 1960s – commercial pressure from the north sea - 32 4.5 New broadcasting law 1967 - 33 4.6 Policy in the 1970s - 34 4.7 Different structure for regional broadcasting - 34 4.8 Pseudo-commercialism and increasing domestic competition - 34 4.9 More competition from abroad - 35 4.10 Scientific council report 1982 - 36 4.11 1987 and further: the new media law and its later modifications - 36 5 Other domains of media policy - 40 5.1 Broadcast policy in 2005 - 40 5.2 Commercial broadcasting - 41 5.3 Press policy in 2005 - 41 5.4 Cable policy in 2005 - 41 5.5 Policy for new media in 2005 - 41 5.6 Media concentration in 2005 - 42 6 Infrastructure in the netherlands: challenges and policy questions - 44 6.1 Digitalisation and technological convergence - 45 6.1.1 Digitalisation - 45 6.1.2 Technological convergence - 46 6.1.3 Spectrum scarcity - 46 6.2 Related policy questions - 47 6.3 Economic consequences - 47 6.4 Summing up: robust trends and uncertain developments - 48 6.5 Conclusions - 49 7 The media landscape: an institutional perspective on change - 52 7.1 International landscape - 52 7.2 National landscape - 54 7.3 The role of the dutch government - 56 7.4 Fragmented supervision - 58 7.5 Content providers to the media landscape - 59 7.5.1 Quality as a public interest - 61 8 a new paradigm: a functional approach to the media landscape - 64 8.1 Reasons for renewal - 65 8.1.1 future-proof policymaking - 65 8.1.2 the relevance of values - 66 8.1.3 hybridisation - 66 8.2 The strategic matrix – combining functions with values - 67 8.3 Defining the functions in detail - 68 8.3.1 News provision - 68 8.3.2 Opinion and debate - 68 8.3.3 Entertainment - 69 8.3.4 Arts and culture (and education) - 69 8.3.5 Specialised information - 69 8.3.6 Advertising and public relations (persuasive information or communication) - 70 8.4 Using a functional approach to develop dutch media policy - 71 8.5 More explicit and precise legitimation for public broadcasting is needed - 73 8.6 Values, risks and priorities: a functional analysis of the media landscape - 74 8.7 Government media policy: the need for selective and cautious involvement - 74 8.8 Specific recommendations - 76 8.9 Rethinking public broadcasting - 77 8.9.1 Questions - 77 8.9.2 Answers - 78 8.9.3 Closing remarks - 80 Bibliography - 84