List of Diagrams, Graphs, Images, Maps, and Tables
Acknowledgements
1. Pondicherry in the French Empire during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Between Colonial Subjects and French Citizens
I. Overview and General Concepts
II. Analytical Framework
2. Contextualizing Pondicherry within the French Empire and the Indian Subcontinent
I. Pondicherry within the French Empire
II. Pondicherry within the Indian Subcontinent
III. Pondicherry during the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
3. Inclusive and Exclusive Visions of Citizenship in French India
I. Colonial Pondicherry and Its Entanglement with Imperial Citizenship
II. The Topas, the Renouncers, and the Catholics
III. Institutions
IV. Conclusion
4. Education and Army
Attempts to Institutionalize Republican Ideals in French India
I. The State of Education in Pondicherry before the Third Republic
Education in Third Republic Pondicherry: A Secular Primary Education for All
III. Civic Education and the Language Policies
IV. Hindrances to the Republican School Project: Race and Caste
V. Hindrances to the Republican School Project: Gender Issues and Budget Constraints
VI. The Armed Forces in Pondicherry
VII. Military Laws, Citizenship, and Indochina
VIII. Conclusion
5. The Art of Petitioning in a Colonial Setting
I. Law, Order, and a Bureaucracy of Petitions
II. A Deficient Electoral System
III. Attempts to Prevent Electoral Frauds and Appeals on the Ground
IV. Partisan Political Fraud Under the Three-List System (1884–1899)
V. Partisan Political Fraud under The Two-List System (1900–1913)
VI. Conclusion
6. From Electoral Politics to Expansion of Rights and National Independence
I. What Conclusions Can We Draw from Republican Citizenship in Pondicherry?
II. How Far Was the Civilizing Mission Applied?
III. From Contestations to Nationalism and the Impact of British India
IV. New Forms of Political Participation in a Comparative Perspective
V. Situating Pondicherry within a Larger Theoretical Reflection on the Relationship between Empire and Citizenship
Bibliography
Index