Part One: Vladimir Tismaneanu and Bogdan C. Iacob, Introduction Timothy Snyder, European Mass Killing and European Commemoration Part Two : Politics of Memory and Constructing Democracy Daniel Chirot, Why World War II Memories Remain So Troubled in Europe and East Asia Eusebio Mujal-Leon & Eric Langenbacher, Post-Authoritarian Memories in Europe and Latin America Jeffrey Herf, Divided Memory Revisited: The Nazi Past in West Germany and in Postwar Palestine Alexandru Gussi, On the Relationship Between Politics of Memory and the State's Rapport with the Communist Past Part Three : Histories and their Publics Vladimir Tismaneanu, Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice David Brandenberger, Promotion of a Usable Past: Official Efforts to Rewrite Russo- Soviet History, 2000-2013 Jan-Werner Müller, Germany’s Two Processes of ‘Coming to Terms with the Past’ – Failures, After All? Part Four : Searching for Closure in Democratizing Societies Andrzej Paczkowski, Twenty Five Years ‘After’ – The Ambivalence of Settling Accounts with Communism. The Polish Case Raluca Grosescu & Raluca Ursachi, The Romanian Revolution in Court: What Narratives about 1989? Vladimir Petrovic, Slobodan Miloševic in the Hague. Failed Success of a Historical Trial Charles Villa-Vicencio The South Africa Transition: Then and Now Cristian Vasile, Scholarship and Public Memory: The Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (PCACDR) Igor Casu, Moldova under the Soviet Communist Regime: History and Memory Part Five : Competing Narratives of Troubled Pasts John Connelly, Coming to Terms with Catholic-Jewish Relations in the Polish Catholic Church Leonidas Donskis, After Communism: Identity and Morality in the Baltic Countries Bogdan C. Iacob, The Romanian Communist Past and the Entrapment of Polemics Nikolai Vukov, Past Intransient / Transiting Past: Remembering the Victims and the Representation of Communist Past in Bulgaria