CHAPTER I. Introduction
1. The Discipline of History: Canons and Divergences
2. The Problem of Continuity: Theories of Origin and Political Imperatives
3. In the Shadow of the Empire
4. Describing the Network: The Ottoman Framework and its Collapse

CHAPTER II. The Iconoclast Byzantium of Greek Nationalism
1. Manuel Gedeon’s Perception of History
2. A Periodization
3. Zambelios’s Transcendant Byzantium: From Aristotle to Hegel
4. Paparrigopoulos’s Phanariot Byzantium and French Imperial Nationalism
5. France and Russia in Constantinople: Toward an Interpretation of the Great Idea
6. Helleno-Ottomanism: The Response of Constantinople
7. Heretical Byzantium in The History of the Greek Nation
8. Iconoclasm as a Conspiracy of the Monarchy
9. Iconoclasm as Reformation
10. Gedeon’s Medieval HellemismHellenism: The Zambelios–Paparrigopoulos Construct Scheme and the Ottoman Divergence
11. Footnotes: The Denunciation of Helleno-Orthodoxy
12. Byzantium as a Metaphor: Greeks and Slavs
13. The Iconoclast Byzantium and the Break from Greek Historiography
14. Byzantium as a Metonymy: The Church and the Ottoman State
15. Ecumenism as a Romantic Reconstruction
16. Histories of the Ottoman Empire

CHAPTER III. The “Medieval Antiquity” of the Bulgarian Historiography
1. The Canon of Bulgarian Historiography: the Origin Model
2. Bulgarians: Vandals, Illyrians, or Macedonians?
3. Drinov’s History: The Slavicisation of the Bulgarians
4. Krâstevič’s Thesis: The Bulgarians are Huns (The Positive Use of Byzantine Chronography)
5. Drinov’s Thesis: The Bulgarians are Slavs (The Negative Use of Byzantine Chronography)
6. Krâstevič’s Response: The Huns are Slavs
7. The Romantic Reconstruction of Imperial Discourse: Some Conclusions
8. Povestnost Instead of Historija: Georgi Rakovski’s Hyper-Hermeneutic Model
9. The Balkans as East: Charilaos Dimopoulos’ History of the Bulgarians

CHAPTER IV. Byzantinisms and the Third Rome: Russian Imperial Nationalism
1. Konstantin Leont’ev: On the Edge of Two Epistemological Paradigmes
2. Leont’ev’s Byzantism
3. The Middle Ages as a Canonical Model
4. Byzantism as Imperial Discourse: The Parity of Russians and Ottomans
5. Leont’ev’s Slavism: Greeks/Bulgarians, Germans/Czechs
6. The Three Romes
7. A Romantic Reconstruction of History: the Persians’ Vindication
8. Leont’ev and Marko Balabanov: Byzantism as a Bridge
9. The Meaning of Progress and the Possibility of an Ottoman Nation
10. Byzantium and the “Groundless Accusation of Ethno-Phyletism”
11. Balabanov and Renan: “Balkans Will Turn into a Volcano”
12. Byzantium and Great Idea: The Serbian Perspective
13. Ivan I. Sokolov’s Byzantinism
14. Pan-Orthodox Ecumenism and Byzantinisms: Gedeon’s Two Moments

CHAPTER V. The “Roman Byzantium” of the Albanian Historiography
1. Namık Kemal and Renan
2. The Rupture of Pan-Islamic Ecumenism: Şemseddin vs. Sami Frashëri
3. Between Ancient Greeks and Modern Europeans: Islamic Civilization as a Mediator
4. The “De-Arabification” of Islam
5. The Management of Time and Space in Islam
6. From the Islamic Ummah to the Albanian Nation: The Return of the Pelasgians
7. The Problem of Discontinuity in Albanian History
8. Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos and the Pelasgians
9. The De-Islamification of Albanian History
10. Pan-Islamic Ecumenism and Roman Byzantium: The Immanence of Empire

CHAPTER VI. Byzantium as ....