Dedication Acknowledgments Introduction I. WORLD WAR II Film and Television: Elzbieta Ostrowska Invisible Deaths: Polish Cinema’s Representation of Women in World War II Alexander Prokhorov She Defends His Motherland: The Myth of Mother Russia in Soviet Maternal Melodrama of the 1940s Tatiana Mikhailova and The Subjectivity of a Female War Veteran in Larisa Shepit’ko’s Mark Lipovetsky Wings (1966) Elena Prokhorova Gender(ed) Games: Romance, Slapstick, and Ideology in the Polish Television Series Four Tank Men and a Dog Literature, graphics, song,: Irina Sandomirskaja Rage, Body, and Power Talk in the City of Hunger: the Politics of Womanliness in Lidia Ginzburg’s Notes from the Siege of Leningrad Helena Goscilo Graphic Womanhood under Fire Robert Rothstein Songs of Women Warriors and Women Who Waited II. RECENT WARS Trina Mamoon “Black Widows”: Women as Political Combatants in the Chechen Conflict Yana Hashamova War Rape: (Re)defining Motherhood, Fatherhood, and Nationhood Jessica Wienhold-Brokish Dubravka Ugrešic’s War Museum: Approaching the “Point of Pain”