Introduction: Preliminaries Vladimir Tismaneanu Rethinking 1989 Part One: Memories and Legacies of 1989 Gale Stokes Purposes of the Past Agnes Heller Twenty Years After 1989 Karol Edward Soltan Moderate Modernity and the Spirit of 1989 Konrad H. Jarausch People Power? Towards a Historical Explanation of 1989 Cornel Ban Was 1989 the End of Social Democracy? Part Two: Moving Away from the Cold War Mark Kramer The Demise of the Soviet Bloc Vladislav Zubok Gorbachev and the Road to 1989 Jeffrey Herf Success Was Not an Orphan: The Battle of the Euromissiles in 1983 and the Events of 1989–1991 A. Ross Johnson “No One is Afraid to Talk to Us Anymore.” Radio Free Europe in 1989 Part Three: Eastern Europe in 1989 Vladimir Tismaneanu and Bogdan Iacob Revisiting the Nature and Legacies of the Ceausescu Regime Nick Miller Where Was the Serbian Havel? Catalin Avramescu Communism and the Experience of Light Electrification and Legitimization in USSR and Romania before 1989 Bradley Abrams Buying Time: Consumption and Political Legitimization in Late-Communist Czechoslovakia Ioan T. Morar and David Morar The Second Hat: Romanian Media-Mass from Party Loudspeaker to the Voice of the Oligarchs Part Four: Aftermaths of Extraordinary Times Noemi Marin Totalitarian Discourse and Ceausescu’s Loss of Words: Memorializing Rhetoric in 1989 Romania Marci Shore “A Spectre is Haunting Europe. . .”: Dissidents, Intellectuals and a New Generation Lavinia Stan Memory, Justice and Democratization in Post-Communism A. James McAdams Transitional Justice and the Politicization of Memory in post-1989 Europe Tom Gallagher Incredible Voyage: Romania’s Communist Speculators Adapt and Survive After 1989 Peter Voitsekhovsky In the Footsteps of 1989: Ukraine’s “Orange Revolution” as a Carnival of Antipolitics Jeffrey C. Isaac Conclusion: Shades of Gray: Revisiting the Meanings of 1989 List of Contributors