Table of Contents - 6 Tables - 10 Preface - 12 1 Austria - 20 1.1 Introduction - 20 1.2 Historical development - 23 1.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 29 1.4 Conclusions - 50 2 Belgium - 64 2.1 Introduction - 64 2.2 Historical development - 67 2.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 72 2.4 Conclusions - 92 3 Denmark - 106 3.1 Introduction - 106 3.2 Historical development - 109 3.3 Recent developments and current institutional - 124 3.4 Conclusions - 142 4 Finland - 150 4.1 Introduction - 150 4.2 Historical development - 153 4.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 159 4.4 Conclusions - 180 5 France - 188 5.1 Introduction - 188 5.2 Historical development - 189 5.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 197 5.4 Conclusions - 207 6 Germany - 214 6.1 Introduction - 214 6.2 Historical development - 218 6.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 228 6.4 Conclusions - 244 7 Greece - 254 7.1 Introduction - 254 7.2 Historical development - 257 7.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 266 7.4 Conclusions - 277 8 Ireland - 290 8.1 Introduction - 290 8.2 Historical development - 293 8.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 306 8.4 Conclusions - 324 9 Italy - 330 9.1 Introduction - 330 9.2 Historical development - 334 9.3 Recent developments and current institutional arrangements - 344 9.4 Conclusions - 358