List of Abbreviations List of Tables Preface Introduction: Belorussian Jewry Prior to 1917 and Until World War II 1 Demography of the Jews of Belorussia The Resettlement of Jewish Survivors Profiles of Jewish Congregations 2 Soviet Policy Toward the Practice of Judaism in the Postwar Period Soviet Policy Toward Religion at the End of the War and the Creation of the CARC CARC Activity in Belorussia 3 The Decline of the Synagogue Synagogues in the USSR in the Postwar Period The Destruction and Re-allocation of Belorussian Synagogues The Registration Procedure for Synagogues The Financial Difficulties in Maintaining Jewish Communities 4 Religious Life The Sabbath, the Jewish Holidays, and the Problem of Matzot for Passover The Shtiebel, the Mikveh, and the Cemetery Kashrut, Circumcision, Jewish Weddings, and the Giving of Charity Religious Officiants 5 In the Aftermath of the Holocaust Commemoration The Burial Sites and Monuments 6 Cultural Life Jewish Literature The Yiddish Theater in Minsk The Yiddish Language 7 Jews in the Reconstruction of the Economy and Cultural Lifepolitic In Administration, the Economy, and Science In Secondary and Higher Education 8 International Contacts Ties with Abroad Belorussian Jewry and the Establishment of the State of Israel 9 The Policy of State Anti-Semitism State Action Against Judaism and Jewish Culture State Action Against Individual Jews Rehabilitation Conclusion Appendix 1: Documents Appendix 2: Tables Glossary Bibliography Index